Comparison of efficacy of two topical drug therapy of acne vulgaris – 1% clindamycin versus 5% dapsone: A split face comparative study

Background: Acne vulgaris is common skin problem for adolescents and young adults. Topical clindamycin is an established treatment modality effective in mild-to-moderate acne. Dapsone has been used orally for the treatment of acne but used less due to its systemic side effects. Topical dapsone may offer new treatment option for acne vulgaris due to its dual anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effect. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of 1% clindamycin gel with 5% dapsone gel in the patient of Grade II acne vulgaris. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective interventional study with split face comparative study design. Each patient was received a pair of labeled tubes of medication – Right (Rt) side containing clindamycin 1% and left (Lt) side containing dapsone gel 5%. The assessment was done by calculating the change from baseline, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the total lesion count and both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: A total of 40 patients were included in the study. Both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion count reduce significantly at the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks on both side (P < 0.05). Mean reduction in total count of lesions after 12 weeks of therapy by dapsone 5% was 5.4 ± 5.05 (50.0%), while by clindamycin 1% gel was 5.0 ± 2.76 (50.5%). Conclusion: Dapsone 5% gel monotherapy and clindamycin 1% gel monotherapy have almost equal efficacy when compared after 12 weeks of therapy, but dapsone 5% gel therapy is slightly better effect on inflammatory lesions than clindamycin 1% gel.

New progress of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment / 中华消化外科杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common in China. With the large number of HCC patients, experienced clinicians in managing this disease and the huge amounts of resources by the government to put into researches on HCC, the treatment of HCC in China has reached to the forefront of international standards in many aspects. The treatment of HCC can roughly be divided into three levels: (1) local treatment which includes liver resection, local ablative therapy and liver transplantation. The technical aspect of liver resection has become very matured. A recent study indicated that in HCC patients with microvascular invasion (MVI), anatomic liver resection resulted in significantly better long-term survival than non-anatomic liver resection. However, no significant difference could be found in HCC patients without MVI. As there are now models using preoperative data to predict presence or absence of MVI after surgery, surgeons can now decide on whether to use anatomic resection for a particular patient before surgery. Furthermore, medical evidences are accumulating on the effective and safe use of laparoscopic and robotic liver resection for selected HCC patients, which has less trauma and faster recovery compared with open hepatectomy. As the ability in predicting HCC recurrence improves, HCC patients predicted to have high risks of developing HCC recurrence can now be put into studies to investigate the treatment strategy for reducing recurrence after R 0 liver resection. There are now a lot of high level evidence studies on the use of local ablative therapy in treating HCC. Size of lesion is an important factor in choosing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment alone (for diameter of HCC <2 cm), or RFA combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or percutaneous ethanol injection (for diameter of HCC with 3 to 5 cm), or to use surgery instead of RFA (for diameter of HCC >5 cm). Liver transplanta-tion has progressed rapidly in China. To supplement the Milan criteria, other criteria have been reported in China to select suitable candidates for liver transplantation beyond the Milan criteria. Furthermore, a lot of basic and clinical researches have been carried out attempting to improve the clinical outcomes of liver transplantation. (2) Regional therapies. The recent developments in TACE has focused on the use of increasingly highly selective canalization of branches of the hepatic artery to achieve bitter treatment outcomes and to decrease adverse treatment effects. Resin yttrium 90 microsphere has just been approved for clinical use in China. The indications of yttrium 90 microspheres are treatment for patients who are unsuitable to undergo TACE, failure of TACE, bridging therapy for HCC patients waiting for liver transplantation, and tumor downstaging followed by salvage liver resection. Recent developments in yttrium 90 microsphere therapies include radiation hepatectomy and ablative transarterial radioembolization. These two procedures can offer a chance of cure to patients who cannot undergo curative treatment because of poor general status, compromised liver function and unfavorable locations of HCC. (3) Systemic therapy. This is a rapidly advancing field in HCC management, which includes the use of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. These therapies when used either alone, or in combination, have improved the long-term survival outcomes of patients with intermediate or late stages of HCC. A major hurdle to overcome for systemic therapy is related to the multiple gene mutations in HCC, which even with successful blockade of a tumor signal pathway, can lead to an alternate signal pathway being opened for tumor progression. In conclusions, management of HCC has rapidly improved through the enormous efforts put in by researchers in China and all around the world. It is my sincere hope that in the near future, HCC will become a very healable disease through tireless efforts of researchers.

Terapia tópica para controle da dor em ferida neoplásica maligna: revisão de escopo / Topical therapy for pain management of malignant fungating wounds: a scoping review protocol

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer, principalmente de mama e cabeça e pescoço, podem desenvolver feridas neoplásicas malignas (FNM) como uma importante complicação. As FNM são lesões friáveis, exsudativas, fétidas e dolorosas que impactam negativamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas. Estudos mostram que todos os pacientes com FNM apresentam dor nessas lesões, a maioria com intensidade moderada a grave. A literatura tem estabelecido recomendações para o cuidado de pacientes com FNM visando ao gerenciamento ou controle dos sintomas porém embasadas em escassas evidências. Objetivo: Examinar e mapear e as evidências existentes sobre as terapias tópicas utilizadas para o controle da dor em FNM. Métodos: Revisão de escopo, conduzida de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Foram pesquisadas as publicações nos bancos de dados CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, Web of science e PubMed, Cochrane, NICE, Scopus, JBISRIR e literatura cinzenta, em inglês, português e espanhol e sem delimitação de tempo. Esta revisão considerou estudos realizados com pacientes, a partir de 18 anos de idade, com dor em FNM. A busca foi realizada em três etapas. Após as buscas, todos os registros identificados foram agrupados e enviados para Mendeley (MendeleyLtd., Elsevier, Holanda). Os títulos e resumos foram examinados por dois revisores independentes. Os dados foram extraídos usando uma ferramenta de extração de dados desenvolvida pelos revisores. Após a extração dos dados, realizou-se uma reunião entre os revisores para a análise dos dados e organização das categorias que deles emergiram. Resultados: Incluíram-se 70 publicações compostas por 32 Revisões não Sistemáticas de Literatura - RNS, 20 Estudos de casos - EC, seis Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados - ECR, três Coortes Retrospectivas - CP, três Revisões Sistemáticas - RS, três Guidelines, dois Surveys e uma Coorte Retrospectiva - CR que evidenciaram 20 propostas de terapias tópicas para controle de dor em FNM, assim categorizadas: Terapias Tópicas Aplicadas nas FNM (Coberturas (41 / 58,6%), Drogas analgésicas (39 / 55,7%), Substâncias antimicrobianas (18 / 25,7%), Crioterapia (4 / 5,7%) e Terapia por Pressão Negativa (3 / 4,3%) e Terapias Tópicas aplicadas na Pele Peri-Ferida (Protetores de pele (11 / 15,7%)). A dor não foi avaliada em 68,5% dos estudos. Conclusão: Muitas são as terapias tópicas descritas nesta revisão de escopo (70 publicações incluídas) para o controle de dor em FNM, principalmente do tipo RNS (32/ 45,7%) e mesmo EC (20/ 28,5%). No entanto, existem poucos estudos primários de intervenção voltados especificamente para a avaliação da sua eficácia, com metodologias consideradas inadequadas para sustentar a prática clínica, evidenciando a necessidade de novos estudos com delineamentos mais robustos. Implicações para a prática clínica e pesquisa: Esta revisão de escopo contribui para a sistematização dos achados acerca do controle da dor em FNM, sintoma bastante frequente na plêiade que acompanha essa condição tão impactante sobre a qualidade de vida e final de vida dos pacientes por ela acometidos. Seus resultados certamente possibilitam a implementação mais adequada de atenção multiprofissional a esses pacientes bem como mostram as lacunas de investigação para suporte a uma prática mais segura.

Introduction: Cancer patients, especially breast and head and neck, can develop malignant fungating wounds (MFW) as an important complication. MFW are friable, exudative, fetid, and painful lesions that negatively impact people\'s quality of life. Studies show that all patients with MFW have pain in these lesions, the majority with moderate to severe intensity. The literature has established recommendations for the care of patients with MFW aiming at the management or control of symptoms but based on little evidence. Objective: Examine and map and the existing evidence on topical therapies used to control pain in NFM. Methods: Scoping review, conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Publications were searched in the CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, Cochrane, NICE, Scopus, JBISRIR, and gray literature databases in English, Portuguese and Spanish and without time limits. This review considered studies carried out with patients, from 18 years of age, with pain in NMF. The search was carried out in three stages. After the searches, all identified records were grouped and sent to Mendeley (MendeleyLtd., Elsevier, Netherlands). Titles and abstracts were examined by two independent reviewers. The data were extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. After extracting the data, a meeting was held between the reviewers to analyze the data and organize the categories that emerged from them. Results: 70 publications comprising 32 non-systematic literature reviews - RNS, 20 case studies - EC, six randomized clinical trials - ECR, three retrospective cohorts - CP, three systematic reviews - RS, three guidelines, two Surveys, and a Retrospective Cohort - CR that showed 20 proposals for topical therapies for pain control in FNM, categorized as follows: Topical Therapies Applied in MFW (Dressing (41 / 58.6%), Analgesic Drugs (39 / 55.7%), Substances antimicrobials (18 / 25.7%), Cryotherapy (4 / 5.7%) and Negative Pressure Therapy (3 / 4.3%) and Topical Therapies applied to Peri-Wound Skin (Skin Protectors (11/15, 7%)). Pain has not been evaluated in 68.5% of the studies. Conclusion: There are many topical therapies described in this scoping review (70 publications included) for pain control in NFM, mainly of the RNS type (32 / 45.7%) and even EC (20 / 28.5%). However, there are few primary studies interventions aimed specifically at assessing their effectiveness, with methodologies considered inadequate to support clinical practice, highlighting the need for further studies with more robust designs. Implications for clinical practice and research: This scoping review contributes to the systematization of the findings of pain control in MFW, a very common symptom in the crowd that accompanies this condition that has such an impact on the quality of life and end of life of patients through it affected. Its results certainly enable the most appropriate implementation of multi-professional care for these patients, as well as showing the research gaps to support a safer practice.

Current Situation and Development Trend of Chinese Medicines External Treatment Techniques / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the rapid rise of modern drug-derived diseases, the external treatment has received extensive attention at home and abroad, due to its small adverse reactions, convenient application and accurate efficacy.At present, although there are many clinical applications of Chinese medicine external treatment, there are few unified norms and strong arbitrariness in related external treatment techniques, for example, external methods, dosage forms, means, dosage, time, etc.As a result, the development of Chinese medicine external treatment is slow and chaotic, and it can not serve the clinic well.It also hinders the development and expansion of external treatment techniques.This paper discusses the current status of external treatment techniques, and clarifies the development trend of Chinese medicine external treatment, in order to pointing out the direction for the development of Chinese medicine external treatment, it will promote the standardization of Chinese medicine external treatment techniques, and it will be better servicing the clinical practice.

Study of the therapeutic effect of oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate in the treatment of mixed maxillofacial hemangioma in infants / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To observe the treatment effect of oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate for infantile maxillofacial mixed hemangioma and provide evidence for clinical treatment.@*Methods@# Ninety-seven cases of infantile maxillofacial mixed hemangioma were enrolled. The cases were randomly divided into A and B groups: 50 cases in group A were treated with oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate, and 47 cases in group B were treated with oral propranolol only. The changes in the color, volume, and texture of the tumors were recorded before and after treatment, and color ultrasonography of the lesion area was performed. The follow-up time was 1-12 months. The differences in the curative effect, effective time and adverse reaction between the two groups were compared. @*Results @#The effective rate of group A was 92.0% (46/50) and that of group B was 74.5% (35/47), with a statistical significance (P < 0.05). The mean time of treatment in group A was 4.2 months and that in group B was 5.5 months. Compared with group B, the treatment time of group B was shorter (t=3.211, P < 0.05), and no serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.@*Conclusion@#Oral propranolol combined with topical timolol maleate is effective in the treatment of mixed hemangioma of the maxillofacial region in infants.

Clinical trial of combination therapy for the efficacy, safety, tolerability and improvements in quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis

Background:Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder with clinical manifestations scales, inflammation and dryness. The psoriatic skin behaves differently in concurrence with circadian rhythm. Cell division increases in late night and early morning hours. Enzymatic activity will be more during day time. To balance these variations a 24×7 protection is required. The objective of the present study is to find the improvement in Psoriasis condition with the Combination therapy compared to single drug usage.Methods:A clinical trial for 4 weeks was conducted among psoriasis patients with psorolin oil vs. combination therapy (Dr.JRK’s 777 oil, psorolin ointment, psorolin oil and psorolin medicated bathing bar) and the clinical relief was measured among both groups by following parameters like psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), Physician’s global assessment (PGA), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), subjective self-assessment questionnaire (SSAQ) and subject investigational product feedback questionnaire (SIPFBQ).Results:Combination therapy (1-3-2 topical therapy) of Dr.JRK’s 777 oil, psorolin ointment, psorolin oil and psorolin medicatedbathing bar as a treatment regimen was found to be more effective in the treatment of psoriasis. Conclusions: 1-3-2 topical therapy is useful in severe psoriasis conditions and recommended for long term effective treatment of psoriasis

Factors predicting response of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema to topical steroids and nepafenac

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine factors predicting resolution of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after 6 weeks of topical prednisolone and nepafenac application. Methods: Case records of patients with a clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based diagnosis of acute PCME were retrospectively reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity and OCT-based parameters at the time of presentation with PCME. In addition, demographic variables, intraoperative and early postoperative factors, and type of treatment prescribed (tapering vs. nontapering prednisolone, generic vs. branded prednisolone and nepafenac) were recorded from case records for analysis. Complete and any successes were defined and baseline factors predicting complete success at 6 weeks were analyzed. Results: We analyzed 69 eyes of 69 patients out of which complete success with topical medications was seen in 37 eyes (54%) and any success was seen in 55 eyes (80%) at 6 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression showed that eyes with lower vision at presentation had a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing both, complete (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83 with one-line decrement in baseline vision, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61�89, P = 0.003) and any success (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.4�9, P = 0.007). Baseline OCT thickness did not influence success rates. Conclusion: Topical prednisolone and nepafenac lead to resolution in PCME in half of the eyes at 6 weeks. Baseline vision is the only factor predicting rates of success and PCME resolution with topical medications.

Topical Products for Human Hair Regeneration: A Comparative Study on an Animal Model

BACKGROUND: Hair loss and hair growth is the subject of tremendous amount of research. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of three chemical treatments used in humans for hair loss, using a rat model of hair regrowth. The products tested were 2% minoxidil, Hairgrow (Dar-Al-Dawa Pharma), Aminexil, Dercos (Vichy Laboratoires), and Kerium, Anti-chute (La Roche-Posay). METHODS: Thirty-two adult female Wistar-Bratislava rats were assigned to 4 groups. Two rectangular areas (2x4 cm) were shaved on either sides of the mid dorsal line (left side - control; right side - test area). Group I was treated topically with 2% minoxidil, group II with Aminexil, and group III with Kerium. Each rat received 0.3 ml of substance applied topically to the shaved dorsal skin every day for 28 days. Rats in group IV served as sham controls receiving no treatment. Hair regrowth was evaluated by trichoscopy (with a dermatoscope), grown hair weight (from a surface area of 1 cm2), and histopathological examination for skin thickness, follicle count, and percentage of anagen induction (morphometric assessment). RESULTS: Treatment with 2% minoxidil significantly induced hair regrowth as assessed by trichoscopy, hair weight examination, and morphometric evaluation. Hair weight examination and morphometric assessment demonstrated the lowest hair growth effect with Aminexil among the tested products. Treatment with Kerium was found to significantly induce hair regrowth (p<0.05 as compared to the control group). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that hair regrowth efficacy of products recommended for human use is not similar when tested on an animal model.

Pattern of drug use in the management of psoriasis in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease, characterized by chronic and recurrent scaly plaques with itching. The treatment modalities for psoriasis include topical, systemic, and phototherapy (PT). The pattern of therapy may vary depending upon the type, severity, and duration of the disease. As there are few reports in the Indian literature regarding the pattern of drug use in psoriasis and evaluating the efficacy and patient compliance to treatment, the present study was conducted. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 121 newly diagnosed and untreated patients with psoriasis, who attended Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. The severity of the disease was assessed by baseline psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score. Most of the patients were treated with topical therapy consisting of glucocorticoids (GC) monotherapy or combination with, salicylic acid, calcitriol and coal tar. Systemic therapy and PT were considered only for severe cases of psoriasis with baseline PASI score >4. The patients were monitored every 2 weeks for 3 months. Results: The topical medications induced effective resolution of lesions in most of the patients, along with adequate symptomatic relief. The response to GC monotherapy was found significant (90.47%; p<0.001) and there was 76.13% decrease in PASI score in chronic plaque psoriasis, indicating significant improvement (p<0.001) after 12 weeks of therapy. More than 94% of study patients showed good compliance to medications and only 0.27% showed poor compliance, whereas the other patients showed a moderate compliance of 80-95%. Conclusions: Most of the patients with psoriasis can be effectively treated with topical medications, and additional systemic and/or PT may be required only for severe cases of chronic plaque psoriasis with baseline score >4. Regular follow-up is required not only to monitor the treatment response, but also to ensure good patient compliance by proper counseling.

Alopecia androgenética femenina: Parte II: tratamiento / Female androgenetic alopecia: Part II: treatment

Como en el varón, el tratamiento tópico de alopecia de patrón femenino (AF) es con minoxidil al 3 por ciento - 5 por ciento dos veces al día. También puede usarse el minoxidil combinado con α-tocoferol o con otros tratamientos tópicos que elevan localmente el factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial. Comentamos nuestra experiencia con esta asociación. Los efectos secundarios más frecuentes en mujeres son la dermatitis de contacto y la hipertricosis de cara y antebrazos. Cuando la alopecia femenina se asocia a elevados niveles de andrógenos hay que utilizar terapéutica antiandrogénica. El síndrome de persistencia de la adrenarquía (SAHA suprarrenal) y alopecia en hiperandrogenismo suprarrenal deben tratarse con supresión suprarrenal y antiandrógenos. La supresión suprarrenal la efectuamos con glucocorticoides como dexametasona, prednisona o deflazacort. La terapia antiandrogénica incluye acetato de ciproterona, drospirenona, espironolactona, flutamida y finasterida. El síndrome por exceso de eliminación de andrógenos ováricos (SAHA ovárico) y alopecia del hiperandrogenismo ovárico pueden tratarse con supresión ovárica y andriandrógenos. La supresión ovárica incluye el uso de anticonceptivos que contengan un estrógeno, etinilestradiol, y un progestágeno. El antiandrógeno acetato de ciproterona, siempre acompañado de un anticonceptivo tricíclico, es la mejor terapéutica de la alopecia femenina. Los antagonistas de las hormonas liberadoras de gonadotropinas (GnRH) como el acetato de leuprolida suprimen la función hipofisaria y gonadal mediante la reducción de los niveles de LH y FSH, y como consecuencia se reducen los niveles de esteroides ováricos, especialmente en el síndrome de los ovarios poliquísticos. El SAHA hiperprolactinémico y alopecia del hiperandrogenismo de procedencia hipofisaria deben tratarse con bromocriptina o cabergolina. Las mujeres con alopecia posmenopáusica y altos niveles séricos de andrógenos en la premenopausia...

Topical treatment of female patgten hair loss (FPHL) is with minoxidil 3 percent-5 percent twice daily. Combination of minoxidil with α-tocopherol or with other topical treatment with possibility to enhance VEGF can be used. Our experience with this association is commented. Side effect of minoxidil is contact dermatitis and hipertricosis on face and forearm. When FPHL is associated with high levels of androgens systemic antiandrogenic therapy must be used. Persistent adrenarche syndrome (adrenal SAHA) and alopecia of adrenal hiperandrogenism must be treated with adrenal suppression and antiandrogens. Adrenal suppression is achieved with glucocorticosteroids such as dexametasona, prednisone ordeflazacort. Antiandrogen therapy includes cyproterone acetate, drospirenone, spironolactone, flutamide and finasteride. Excess release of ovarian androgens (ovarian SAHA) and alopecia of ovarian hiperandrogenism must be treated with ovarian suppression and antiandrogens. Ovarian suppression includes the use of contraceptives containing an estrogen, ethinyl estradiol, and a progestogen. Antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, always accompanied by tricyclic contraceptives, are the best antiandrogen to use in FPHL. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists such as leuprolide acetate suppress pituitary and gonadal function through a reduction in LH andFSH levels. Subsequently, ovarian steroids levels will also be reduced, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. SAHA with hyperprolactinemia and alopecia of hyperprolactinemic hiperandrogenism should be treated with bromocriptineor cabergoline. Postmenopausal alopecia, with previous high levels of androgens or with PSA over 0.02 ng/ml improves with 2.5 mg/day of finasteride or 0,25 mg/day of Dutasteride. Although we do not know the reason, postmenopausal alopecia in normoandrogenic women also improves, probably in relation with the doses of 2.5 mg day that received...

The Effect of Topical Antiglaucomatous Medication on the Outcome of Trabeculectomy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative topical antiglaucomatous therapy influences the outcome of subsequent trabeculectomy. We investigated 50 eyes of 36 patients with primary open anlge glaucoma(POAG)and 86 eyes of 77 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), who had undergone trabeculectomy. All the patients had received topical antiglaucomatous therapy preoperatively and had been followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Both groups, POAG and PACG were divided into two subgroups according to the duration of preoperative antiglaucomatous therapy: (a)for less than 1 month and (b)for more than 6 months. The criterion for success was maintenance of postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)below 21 mmHg without medication. The rates of success were compared at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. In POAG patients, the overall success rate was clinically significantly higher in subgroup (a)than in subgroup (b)(P<0.05). The success rate in subgroup (a)of POAG patients remained higher irrespective of class of antiglaucomatous medications(P<0.05). In PACG patients, the success rate was also higher in subgroup A, but it failed to reach clinical significance. Postoperative mean IOP was slightly lower in subgroup (a)of all the participants, but it was not clinically significant. Our study suggests that long-term use topical antiglaucoma medications can affect adversely the result of filtering surgery in POAG.

Topical Therapy of Thio-TEPA on Superficial Bladder Tumors / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Intravesical thio-tepa instillations for 25 patients with superficial bladder tumors were evaluated postoperatively to reconfirm its usefulness as a prophylactic agent. The over-all recurrence rate to prophylactic thio-tepa was 28%, with minor toxicity observed in 32% of the Cases. Thio-tepa Can be given safely in the postoperative period and is effective in decreasing the recurrence rate and prolonging interval free of disease of superficial bladder tumors.

Topical Therapy of Thio-TEPA on Superficial Bladder Tumors / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Intravesical thio-tepa instillations for 25 patients with superficial bladder tumors were evaluated postoperatively to reconfirm its usefulness as a prophylactic agent. The over-all recurrence rate to prophylactic thio-tepa was 28%, with minor toxicity observed in 32% of the Cases. Thio-tepa Can be given safely in the postoperative period and is effective in decreasing the recurrence rate and prolonging interval free of disease of superficial bladder tumors.